Module: Evolution
DCI: LS4.C (A) Evolution is a consequence of the interaction of
four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the
genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual
reproduction, (3) competition for an environment’s limited supply of the
resources that individuals need in order to survive and reproduce, and (4) the
ensuing proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and
reproduce in that environment.
DCI: LS4.C (B) Natural selection leads to adaptation, that is, to a
population dominated by organisms that are anatomically, behaviorally, and
physiologically well suited to survive and reproduce in a specific environment.
That is, the differential survival and reproduction of organisms in a
population that have an advantageous heritable trait leads to an increase in
the proportion of individuals in future generations that have the trait and to
a decrease in the proportion of individuals that do not.
DCI: LS4.C (C) Adaptation also means that the distribution of
traits in a population can changes when conditions change.
PE: HS-LS4-2 Construct an explanation based on evidence that the
process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for
a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of
individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3)
competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms
that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.
[Clarification
Statement: Emphasis is on using evidence to explain the influence each of the
four factors has on number of organisms, behaviors, morphology, or physiology
in terms of ability to compete for limited resources and subsequent survival of
individuals and adaptation of species. Examples of evidence could include
mathematical models such as simple distribution graphs and proportional
reasoning.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include other mechanisms
of evolution, such as genetic drift, gene flow through migration, and
co-evolution.]
PE: HS-LS4-3 Apply concepts of statistics and probability to
support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend
to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.
[Clarification
Statement: Emphasis is on analyzing shifts in numerical distribution of traits
and using these shifts as evidence to support explanations.] [Assessment
Boundary: Assessment is limited to basic statistical and graphical analysis.
Assessment does not include allele frequency calculations.]
PE: HS-LS4-4 construct on explanation based on evidence for how
natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.
[Clarification
Statement: Emphasis is on using data to provide evidence for how specific
biotic and abiotic differences in ecosystems (such as ranges of seasonal
temperature, long-term climate change, acidity, light, geographic barriers, or
evolution of other organisms) contribute to a change in gene frequency over
time, leading to adaptation of populations.]
So there is a lot of information here. Instead of expounding on the standards, like we usually do, I think in this case it might be more helpful to outline it in a more simplified format.
1. Evolution takes place when four factors are present. (species increase in number, individuals are varied, resources are limited, differential success of organisms)
2. Natural selection leads to adaptation
3. Adaptation involves an increase in the frequency of advantageous alleles in a population
4. The distribution of traits in a population changes when the environment changes
Possible Question Starters:
"Natural selection is capable of creating changes in which of the following?"
correct answer - the distribution of traits in a population over time
"The Venus Fly Trap (Dionaea muscipula) is a plant, and like all other green plants, gets its energy from the Sun through photosynthesis. This plant, however, catches flies and breaks down their bodies using the chemicals to meet its needs. This adaptation most likely became prevalent in the population due to which of the following?"
correct answer - poor soil conditions in the Venus Fly Trap's environment
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